india lens I · micro · wed 14:00 · SOF team
three stories you've already read.
now argue them. the case pack was the pre-read. one question per case. there are no neutral answers in this room.
SOF teamdiscussion, not lecture
case 1 · 1991
the licence raj collapses
for four decades, producing almost anything in India needed a government licence: what to make, how much, where. in 1991 the country nearly ran out of dollars, and in one budget the permission system was dismantled. what rushed into that vacuum built the India you live in.
$1.1bnforex reserves at the brink. about two weeks of imports
47 tonnesof gold airlifted as collateral for emergency loans
one budgetjuly 1991. industrial licensing scrapped for most industries
~3.5% → 7%the growth rate, before and after the wall came down
argue it
which of today's giants simply could not have existed before 1991. and why not?
case 2 · 2016
jio: predatory pricing at scale
september 2016: jio launches with data free for six months. the industry called it predatory. customers called it a miracle. by the time the dust settled, india's telecom map had three private survivors and the cheapest data on earth.
100mnusers in roughly 170 days. fastest scale-up in telecom history
₹250 → ₹15the price of a GB, before and after
4 exitsaircel, RCom wireless, telenor, tata docomo. vodafone and idea merged to survive
#1india becomes the world's largest mobile data consumer
argue it
when is a price of zero a weapon? and who was jio's free data really aimed at?
case 3 · 2019
the onion price crisis
unseasonal rains destroy the onion crop. supply collapses. and demand, it turns out, barely moves: the indian kitchen does not negotiate on onions. prices multiply, governments panic, exports get banned, and an election-season vegetable becomes a national security item.
₹25 → ₹150+per kg in some cities, in weeks
near zerothe drop in household demand. textbook inelasticity
export banplus emergency imports: the state forces the supply curve back
every few yearsthis exact crisis repeats. same crop, same curve, same panic
argue it
demand couldn't bend, so prices did. who should have absorbed that shock: farmer, trader, or government?
next
lab A starts in 15 minutes.
same tools, one company: zepto.